Mastering English Conjunctions
Learn how to connect words, phrases, and clauses smoothly using coordinating (FANBOYS), subordinating, and correlative conjunctions.
1. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) Equal Elements
Used to connect grammatically equal elements: words with words, phrases with phrases, or independent clauses with independent clauses.
For
Explains reason or purpose (meaning "because").
And
Adds one thing to another.
Nor
Presents an alternative negative idea.
But
Shows contrast or exception.
Or
Presents an alternative or choice.
Yet
Shows contrast similar to "nevertheless".
So
Indicates consequence or result.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions Dependent Clauses
Used to join an independent clause to a dependent clause, indicating time, cause, condition, or concession.
Time & Condition
Common words: when, while, before, after, since, until, if, unless
• I will call you when I arrive.
• If it rains, we will stay home.
• You will fail unless you study.
Cause & Contrast
Common words: because, since, although, though, even though, whereas
• She passed because she practiced daily.
• Although it was cold, we went swimming.
• He likes sports, whereas his brother prefers books.
3. Correlative Conjunctions Paired Connectors
Working in pairs to join sentence elements that have equal grammatical weight.
Both Ali and Sarah passed.
You can have either tea or coffee.
Neither he nor she came.
She is not only smart but also kind.
Ready to test your conjunction skills?
Practice joining clauses and sentences correctly with our interactive quizzes.