Advanced Relative Constructs and Preposition Fronting

Lesson 9: Advanced Relative Constructs and Preposition Fronting.

1. Overview
In formal C1-level register, prepositions are moved from the end of a relative clause to the front (preposition fronting), avoiding dangling prepositions and creating formal clarity.

2. Fronting Prepositions with Whom and Which
- Informal/Standard: The client whom I was speaking to requested a custom dynamic dashboard.
- Formal Fronted: The client **to whom I was speaking** requested a custom dynamic dashboard.
- Informal/Standard: The paradigm which we build our applications upon must be scalable.
- Formal Fronted: The paradigm **upon which we build** our applications must be scalable.

3. Quantifier Relative Clauses
- Structure: *[Noun], [all/most/neither/some/of which/whom] ...*
- Example: He authored ten technical guides, **several of which** were published online.

4. Practice Exercise
Rewrite the sentence using formal preposition fronting:
1. The technical framework that we are relying on is open-source.
2. She identified several critical vulnerabilities, none of which had been documented before.